Dual coding can be done by both students and teachers. View all posts by Ian Taylor. The focus is often on lists of words, both in terms of explanations and research methodology. Just saw your re-share of this on Twitter, and came over to take a look. The ability of the brain to learn is higher when the message is coded in a combination of two. I then linked this back to the particle model and the fact that the transport of substances will only be possible through liquids and gases as the particles are not held in fixed positions. The processes are nothing new but our understanding, as classroom teachers, of why it works has advanced thanks to the inclusion of cognitive science within common educational dialogue. You can follow me on twitter if you like. E.g. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. In this video, Megan and Yana discuss dual coding. Double Coding Part 2. ( Log Out /  “If there is more glucose in the intestinal cells, how are we able to take more in so we can respire?” As the information is gradually revealed and described (no, before you ask, I didn’t read the definition to them) the solution becomes clear. Click to open. Disclaimer: While this post is probably most useful for science teachers, it does follow and include the key principles of using dual coding and also concrete examples. By this point in the lesson, pupils have only this drawing (well, their own version) in their books but they have done plenty of practice with the concept of diffusion within the concrete example and some with active transport. Enter active transport. The more questions along the way the better understanding will be. This post aims to demonstrate one practical way I have applied this alongside concrete examples in my classroom. Clark & Paivio (1991) present dual coding theory as a general framework for educational psychology. They probably know that I know they know this too. For example, history teachers will often create timelines to help show key dates. This should resonate with the old guard as being right out of the Alistair Smith Learning Cycles from back in the good old days! What is dual coding? Yes, it is! Next, for a bit of challenge, I asked pupils to order the three regions from highest concentration to lowest concentration of each substance. 5 dual coding lesson examples - YouTube Dual-coding theory postulates that both visual and verbal information is used to represent information. In the classroom, dual coding can be used to great effect. Dual Coding in a Nutshell – Mr T's Blog: Keeping it simple! Live drawing also allows you to ask questions as you draw to build up/check conceptual understanding of the information. I will also mention at this point that this is a challenging class…not to show off but to make the point that this can work at all levels. Having done this beforehand would have exacerbated the split-attention effect but this information will be germane to the next stage of the lesson. If you do dual coding in real time, I think you get the motivation a little bit more. This is where the dual coding kicks in. The more intricate details of Dual Coding Theory are beyond our scope here, but the core idea is very simple and intuitive. Teaching by Contrast – Mr T's Blog: Keeping it simple! Dual-coding theory is the process of blending both words and pictures whilst learning. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. 4. Dual coding has some important implications for the classroom. Rather than trying to cram in lots of different information, simplify as much as possible. I’m not going to sit here and echo chamber the great work being done by many – you can find out lots more about dual coding on the learningscientists.org site, for example. Email Address. and active transport requiring energy from ATP (linked to respiration again). A win-win situation! What aspect of dual coding would you like to develop? In essence, yes (well, probably not – these things rarely are! The details of the differences between the theories is beyond the scope of this blog but i… ), but at its best it enables highly effective retention of knowledge . Cue five minutes of intense writing done in silence without being asked. Combine images with text, audio or video and use the dual coding learning strategy to make your students learn better. All the lessons in my academy begin with a settling task; most involve retrieval practice to take advantage of the spacing effect and also interleaving to some extent (by combining questions from different topics within the subject). In their 1991 paper, James Clark and Allan Paivio propose a dual encoding theory of learning. Work your way up to drawing what you know from memory. Examples of using dual process theory. You are probably already using dual coding in your classroom. When we use two information formats whilst studying, it allows us to have two different ways of retaining that information for exams or in later life. Dual coding is when you use a combination of pictures/visuals and words to help you learn material. Paivio proposes that the human mind operates with two distinct classes of mental representation (or codes), verbal representations and mental images, and that human memory thus comprises two functionally independent (although interacting) systems or stores, verbal memory and image memory. If it was a drawing that I’d done previously and it was just pre-drawn and it’s a little bit more of the same. Hotspot image: https://www.bookwidgets.com/play/LJJ4XY4. Here are many translated example sentences containing "DUAL CODING" - english-french translations and search engine for … The example of dual coding above was taken from a blog post by one of my favourite educational bloggers Blake Harvard. The concrete ‘what moves where’ is established. Quiz: https://www.bookwidgets.com/play/QJJ2T22. I then state a definition for diffusion and write it up next to the image below. Often the best part of a story is the emergence of a problem. Dual-coding theory, a theory of cognition, was hypothesized by Allan Paivio of the University of Western Ontario in 1971. Dual coding has helped me optimise a framework for thinking and working in the busy nature of school life and has evolved from prior aspects of my work: classroom teaching, assembly preparation and observation feedback to leadership meetings and keynote conference presentations or online conversations with website clients. Sign up with your email address to receive new blogs and podcast episodes in your inbox. dual coding as a study strategy Try to come up with different ways to represent the information visually, for example an infographic, a timeline, a cartoon strip, or a diagram of parts that work together. Now, I know they know that they need oxygen from the air and I also know that they know that they breathe out carbon dioxide (among other things). Theory that an input represented in memory as a word and a picture is more readily recalled than a … Check out these two lesson examples below about “the guitar” using the dual coding learning strategy. Pupils then check their answers using the next slide and then I shared the learning intentions. The main takeaway from this is that including imagery with verbal codes allows for elaborated or deeper processing to take place (Levels of Processing Theory), creating multiple pathways to recall the information in the future. And then spent the next four decades researching it, trying to ‘break it’. With the concrete examples fully explored, questioned and practiced, I live drew a generalised diagram to represent diffusion and active transport combined. The decision can be broken down into parts, some are more appropriate for System 1 reasoning, and some are appropriate for using your System 2. Dual coding theory (DCT) sees this view as over-simplistic, instead arguing that the modality via which information is processed is of lasting significance to whether it is remembered o… At times, I let pupils draw along with me, at times I stop them so I can ask questions. Dual Coding & Concrete Examples. 274.1. And what better way to do this than with … … I recently received a comment on my blog, “1CD-10 and Dual Coding vs. Need to translate "DUAL CODING" from english and use correctly in a sentence? Dual Coding: why? Flashcards: https://www.bookwidgets.com/play/TJJ5AD5. Live drawing is often a better approach than presenting a full diagram as too much information all at once could cause cognitive overload. So you are basically repeating the dual coding approach but because you’re drawing and doing this in real time, the motivation is there for the pupil to engage. Then some model answers and a spot of purple pen self improvement. Dual coding is a very useful tool when studying, for example, it can be used when revising, completing class notes and researching information. An example. ( Log Out /  Thanks! Ironically none of the authors apply their own findings to their books or papers… In my view they are really difficult reads! The key message to take away from these is that providing concrete examples helps us learn content initially before moving on to more abstract or generalised information and that dual coding harnesses the ability of the brain to absorb information via different channels, thus strengthening retention. Sign Up. Quick read: ... for example, and then leave the diagram in place when students come on to write their own explanation. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. Look at … Look at your planning and decide what the key concept is for your next lesson. … EricaK says: June 5, 2019 at 6:24 pm. By transferring the material from a visual form into words, or from words into visuals, you are strengthening the connections in your brain around the material itself. The second lesson example combines images with audio. August 9th, 2013 / By Andy Sager. Timeline: https://www.bookwidgets.com/play/KJJ3PA3. Good stuff Ian – this is a really great example of what you do and how it fits together. There are others but these two are the most fundamental. In developing this theory, Paivio used the idea that the formation of mental images aids learning. Dual coding is the process of combining verbal materials with visual materials. I finally question for some embellishments to do with diffusion being passive (linking it to their occasional tendencies to be less than involved in effortful learning!) The concept of dual coding can be confusing and its definition still varies widely in the industry. @MrTSci409, Associate Lead Teacher at Trinity Academy Sowerby Bridge. The Dual Coding Theory can be applied in instructional design by giving instructors an in depth look at just how the brain acquires new information. This blew their minds as the visualiser wasn’t showing the lines on the graph paper as I was zoomed out too far. The retrieval questions help with this as they link to the particle model – essential prior knowledge for understanding how substances are transported in living organisms and also to aerobic respiration as this will be part of the concrete example. When considering the use of images (pictures, diagrams, graphics, graphs and video) and words (speech or text) in educational material the theories we can turn to are Paivio’s Dual-Coding Theory, Baddeley’s Working Memory Model, Mayer’s Theory of Multimedia Learning and Sweller’s Cognitive Load Theory. He didn’t manage it. There is also a link to a post from them on concrete examples. Click to open. Therefore, aliens might exist! ), Story Time – Hook Them In and Make it Memorable. Visual and verbal informationare processed differently and along distinct … This was done independently, in silence, and about 80-90% were correct. While being independent of each other, they a… The dual coding theory explained- What do you/your students have to do to implement dual coding in your lessons? ), but at its best it enables highly effective retention of knowledge . Is drilling worth it? ICD-10 Dual Coding vs. There are many ways to visually represent material, such as with infographics, timelines, cartoon strips, diagrams, and graphic organizers. What I am going to do however is share a great resource I’ve been using for a while now which I find super helpful. The key to a good concrete example for new content is linking it to something you know they know. They are translating the imagery back into the keywords. Before adding more information, I ask pupils to show me on whiteboards what process each arrow represents. ( Log Out /  Dual coding: just using images and speaking simultaneously in order to avoid cognitive overload, right? By having two representations of the same information, it cements it … Dual coding is making sure that text and visuals combine in a way that supports student understanding. The more subscribers, the more videos we can keep posting. “Diagrams, and other visual explanations, have what cognitive scientists call a ‘computational efficiency’ that trumps both teacher verbal or written explanations,” Caviglioli explains. Traditional theories of memory suggest that the speed with which we are presented with stimuli or the extent to which we make meaningful connections among them are what determines later ability to retrieve items from memory. To begin with, the slide is missing the active transport definition and the image, so we can consider the problem. Teachers can keep dual coding in mind as they prepare their lessons. His most significant discovery was that we have two separate channels that deal with verbal and visual stimuli. According to Paivio, there are two ways a person could expand on learned material: verbal associations and visual imagery. (Not objectives or outcomes! This applies to so many facets of life, but let’s take one decision everyone has to make at some point: choosing a career. For example, the brain will use a different representation for the word “car” than it does for an image of a car. 52.8. So, in combination with the word (text input), we also always see the same shape (graphic input) as well as the color red (additional visual input). We build up several arrows showing where oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse from and to. Psychology Definition of DUAL CODING THEORY: 1.Lingusitics. I then added short definitions for higher and lower concentration. Awe and wonder right there! These blend together to send the right signal to our brains more effectively. 1. Imagery potentiates recall of verbal material because when a word evokes an associate… Dual coding: just using images and speaking simultaneously in order to avoid cognitive overload, right? All posts tagged with "Dual Coding" Subscribe. Yummy. Pingback: Examples of Dual Coding in the classroom – Love To Teach. As many will know, Dual Coding is definitely in vogue right now. The sixth video in our Six Strategies for Effective Learning series. Next week will bring osmosis and flaccid potatoes. “When used well,” states Megan Sumeracki, learning scientist, “combining those can provide two ways of remembering the information.” After all, Sumeracki says, “ We tend to learn best when we combine multiple modalities together.” Paivio (1986) provides a dual coding explanation of bilingual processing. So do not be discouraged and read on! Split Whiteboard: https://www.bookwidgets.com/play/LJJ6VY--- SUBSCRIBE ---to get more edtech tips and lesson ideas! An example is when the open source code will need to be re-used within a proprietary software product; some open source licenses do not allow this. Part of the point of my talk was about helping people get to grips with what I consider to be the most useful aspects of the theory. My aim for the lesson illustrated is to enable pupils to be able to compare diffusion and active transport. verbal communication and visual representation. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Recent months have seen an explosion of interest in dual coding (technically Dual Coding Theory). Back in 1971, Canadian researcher, Allan Paivio, formulated his dual coding theory. … A challenge which needs to be overcome. Change ). Plus, it only takes about 5 mins to read this. Part of the talk was also … Using a mixture of expertise and reflection to aid development. Happily, this will help to reinforce prior knowledge using dual coding. The trick is to include images that represent what is in your text and write text that represents your images. I began by drawing two near perfect freehand cubes. Dual coding theory accounts for the significance of spatial abilities in theories of intelligence (e.g., Guilford). A company, Databases-r-us, is developing a database application aimed at the first time database user. Following this, I aimed to beguile them with a story of why it is so important that we are mostly made of water – all living things are mostly made of water and that space scientists get really giddy when they discover evidence water may have been present on other planets as life as we know it depends so much on it. Flashcards widget. So I present this image and begin asking questions like “When you breathe in, where does oxygen move from and to?” Pupils respond using whiteboards. Double Coding,” from 2011. Come and exchange tips and tricks in our Facebook Group : https://www.facebook.com/groups/bookwidgetsusers/ Tap on a guitar to listen to its sound. Dual coding theory has been applied to many cognitive phenomena including: mnemonics, problem-solving, concept learning and language. The next round of questions, again with responses on whiteboards, ask pupils where the highest concentrations of either oxygen or carbon dioxide will be in particular regions. If you need a refresher as to a definition, this podcast and summary from ‘The Learning Scientists’ provides an overview of what dual coding is. I like how Harvard introduces a new strategy, communicates with other educators to seek feedback then reflects on this. Dual coding is a cognition theory based on the assumption that human mind processes the information in two ways i.e. I could then add a few dots to the lower one and ask how we would represent a higher concentration in the other. Can it be that simple? Knowledge is king! This theory suggests that there are two distinct subsystems contributing to cognition: one is specialized for language and verbal information, and the other for images and non-verbal information. Memorizing knowledge is still necessary. “Which will have a higher concentration of carbon dioxide, cells or the bloodstream?” interspersed with cold calling individual pupils to explain their choice, initially leading them towards the definition written on the board for diffusion but gradually removing these prompts. Even if you don’t teach science, you may be able to translate the notions into your own subject’s language. - 5 dual coding lesson plans for teachersCheck this blog post for 2 more dual coding lesson examples: https://www.bookwidgets.com/blog/2019/09/what-is-dual-coding-7-powerful-dual-coding-examples-for-in-the-classroom--- USED LESSONS WITH DUAL CODING ---You can find all the links to the dual coding examples I used below. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. In this blog post, US blogger and teacher Harvard reflects on introducing dual coding and its application in the classroom with his students. In this video you'll find out:- What is dual coding? The first of these questions only had about half the class showing the correct answer, by the third example almost all pupils were getting it right. This learning theorystill stands today as one of the most robust ways of understanding the invisible processes that happen in our heads as we attempt to make sense of incoming stimuli. Teachers across the edubloggotwitterverse have been talking about images, diagrams, visuospatial sketchpads and phonological loops. Can it be that simple? (I have cleared off the diffusion definition by this point and the active transport slide is no longer visible). For example, a stop sign has to instantly register an idea in our brains: STOP. ------ FOLLOW US --- on social media to keep up with our news :Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BookWidgets/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/ibookwidgets Pinterest : https://www.pinterest.com/bookwidgets/ Follow our blog here: https://www.bookwidgets.com/blogAre you a BookWidgets user? Time to check performance with three key questions. Even Y9 middle sets. Incoming visual information is held in working memory in what is called a visuospatial sketchpad. Whenever possible, use a diagram to support your explanation, but be careful not to crowd either of the working-memory channels. ( Log Out /  Rosenshine would call this guided practice. The first exercise combines images with text. Dual Coding Theory directly addresses these problems of communication in the classroom. As always with my blogs, the point of this is to help bridge that fuzzy gap between what the research tells us and what it can look like in its day to day garb. Humans receive new information from the environment in either visual or verbal formats. In essence, yes (well, probably not – these things rarely are! Dual coding is a theory of cognition introduced by Allan Paivio in late 1960s. That represent what is dual coding is the emergence of a Story the... Communicates with other educators to seek feedback then reflects on this to our brains more effectively each! Strategy to Make your students learn better of communication in the classroom and then leave diagram! 1991 paper, James clark and Allan Paivio, there are others but these two are the most fundamental you. Near perfect freehand cubes US blogger and teacher Harvard reflects on this and. And verbal informationare processed differently and along distinct … ICD-10 dual coding can be used represent. 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It up next to the lower one and ask how we would represent a higher concentration in the old! To help you learn material a way that supports student understanding or video use! You draw to build up/check conceptual understanding of the lesson post, US blogger and Harvard. Read this 1991 ) present dual coding theory are beyond our scope here, but be careful not to either! Drawing also allows you to ask questions as you draw to build up/check conceptual understanding of the Smith... More intricate details of dual coding theory has been applied to many cognitive phenomena including:,! Ironically none of the authors apply their own explanation you don ’ t Teach science, are.